The Caldwell Catalogue
The Caldwell Catalogue is an astronomical list of 109 deep-sky objects—including galaxies, star clusters, and nebulae—compiled by the late British amateur astronomer and broadcaster Sir Patrick Moore. Published in December 1995 in Sky & Telescope magazine, it was designed to complement the famous Messier Catalogue by including bright and impressive objects that Messier omitted, particularly those visible from the Southern Hemisphere.
Unlike the Messier Catalogue, which is ordered roughly by discovery date, the Caldwell Catalogue is systematically organized by declination.
Objects are numbered from north to south. C1 is the northernmost object (an open cluster in Cepheus), and C109 is the southernmost (a planetary nebula in Chamaeleon).
Sir Patrick Moore used his second surname, Caldwell, for the catalogue because the initial “M” was already taken by Messier.
